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In 1900 your Grandfather was a Austro-Hungarian citizen. If he were born 19 yrs later, he would have been a Polish Citizen. If he were born 45 yrs later he would have been a Soviet Citizen & would have been acknowledged worldwide as Russian. His nationality/ethnicity did not change, he was always Ruthenian.
At the turn of the century, your Grandfather did not need a passport to travel. All he needed was his metrika and a travel paper issued by the district office that he turned in when he boarded the boat.
The Historical Archives should have a record of your Grandfather travel permission papers. Ask Ihor to check if those records are in the Historical Archives or in the State Archives or still in the RAHS?
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